-
1 mental struggle
Общая лексика: душевная борьба -
2 struggle
1. n борьбаall-absorbing struggle — борьба, требующая затраты всех сил
life-and-death struggle — борьба не на жизнь, а на смерть
2. n напряжение, усилие3. v бороться4. v биться, отбиватьсяstruggle for existance — борьба за существование; бороться; биться; делать усилия
5. v делать усилия; стараться изо всех силto struggle to succeed — всячески стараться преуспеть, прилагать все усилия, чтобы добиться успеха
6. v пробиватьсяwe struggled through — мы пробились, мы преодолели все препятствия
Синонимический ряд:1. attempt (noun) attempt; endeavor; essay; hassle; trial; try; undertaking2. effort (noun) effort; endeavour; exertion; labor; labour; pains; strain; strive; striving; trouble3. fight (noun) battle; brush; clash; conflict; contest; encounter; fight; skirmish; strife; vying4. fight (verb) battle; combat; conflict; contend; contest; fight; grapple; oppose; tilt; tussle; vie; wrestle5. try (verb) assay; attempt; endeavor; essay; offer; seek; try; undertake6. work (verb) labor; labour; strive; toil; workАнтонимический ряд:relax; succumb -
3 struggle
ˈstrʌɡl
1. сущ.
1) борьба a struggle against poverty ≈ борьба с бедностью a struggle for justice ≈ борьба за справедливость a struggle to the death ≈ смертельная борьба a terrible struggle between a man and a monstrous wildcat ≈ жестокая борьба между человеком и чудовищной дикой кошкой to carry on a struggle, to put up a struggle, to wage a struggle ≈ вести борьбу ceaseless struggle, unending struggle, unrelenting struggle ≈ неослабевающая борьба desperate struggle, fierce struggle, violent struggle ≈ ожесточенная борьба It was a struggle to make ends meet. ≈ Было трудно свести концы с концами. class struggle internecine struggle
2) напряжение, усилие Syn: effort
2. гл.
1) бороться to struggle bravely, desperately ≈ храбро сражаться to struggle against tyranny ≈ бороться против тирании, бороться против угнетения to struggle for freedom ≈ бороться за свободу They struggled to remain alive. ≈ Они боролись за жизнь.
2) биться, отбиваться
3) делать усилия;
стараться изо всех сил He struggled to make himself heard. ≈ Он всячески старался, чтобы его услышали.
4) пробиваться (through/out of) One by one, the insects struggled out of the smoke-filled hole. ≈ Один за другим, насекомые вылетали из наполненной дымом дыры. борьба - the class * классовая борьба - desperate * отчаянная борьба /схватка/ - power * борьба за власть - mental /spiritual/ * душевная борьба - the * for existence /for survival/ борьба за существование - a * of attrition( военное) борьба на истощение - * to the last breath ожесточенный бой - at * with в борьбе с напряжение, усилие - in the death * в агонии - to give in without a * сдаться без боя /без сопротивления/ - they had serious difficulties in their * with a strange tongue они столкнулись с серьезными трудностями в своих попытках овладеть незнакомым языком бороться - to * for smth. бороться за что-л. - to * for peace бороться за мир - to * for existence бороться за существование - to * for a position /for a place/ бороться за положение /за место/ (в соревнованиях, гонках и т. п.) - to * against difficulties бороться с трудностями - to * to the last breath бороться до последнего вздоха биться, отбиваться - to * in smb.'s arms вырываться из чьих-л. рук - the child *d and kicked ребенок отбивался руками и ногами делать усилия;
стараться изо всех сил - to * to one's feet с трудом подняться /встать/ на ноги - to * with a problem биться над задачей - to * through the thicket пробиться через /сквозь/ чащу - to * against the stream плыть или грести против течения - to * to succeed всячески стараться преуспеть, прилагать все усилия, чтобы добиться успеха - she *d to overcome her prejudice она всячески старалась /прилагала все усилия, чтобы/ преодолеть свое предубеждение - he *d to maintain his composure он изо всех сил старался сохранить самообладание пробиваться - to * out of smth. вырываться откуда-л. - to * through smth. пробиваться через что-л. - we *d through мы пробились (сквозь все препятствия), мы преодолели все препятствия ~ борьба;
class struggle классовая борьба;
the struggle for existence борьба за существование class ~ классовая борьба he struggled to make himself heard он всячески старался, чтобы его услышали struggle биться, отбиваться ~ бороться;
to struggle for peace бороться за мир;
to struggle against difficulties бороться с трудностями ~ борьба;
class struggle классовая борьба;
the struggle for existence борьба за существование ~ делать усилия;
стараться изо всех сил;
to struggle to one's feet с трудом встать на ноги;
to struggle with a mathematical problem биться над задачей ~ напряжение, усилие ~ пробиваться (through) ~ борьба;
class struggle классовая борьба;
the struggle for existence борьба за существование to ~ for one's living биться из-за куска хлеба ~ бороться;
to struggle for peace бороться за мир;
to struggle against difficulties бороться с трудностями ~ делать усилия;
стараться изо всех сил;
to struggle to one's feet с трудом встать на ноги;
to struggle with a mathematical problem биться над задачей ~ делать усилия;
стараться изо всех сил;
to struggle to one's feet с трудом встать на ноги;
to struggle with a mathematical problem биться над задачейБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > struggle
-
4 struggle
1. [ʹstrʌg(ə)l] n1. борьбаdesperate struggle - отчаянная борьба /схватка/
mental /spiritual/ struggle - душевная борьба
the struggle for existence /for survival/ - борьба за существование
a struggle of attrition - воен. борьба на истощение
2. напряжение, усилиеto give in without a struggle - сдаться без боя /без сопротивления/
2. [ʹstrʌg(ə)l] vthey had serious difficulties in their struggle with a strange tongue - они столкнулись с серьёзными трудностями в своих попытках овладеть незнакомым языком
1. боротьсяto struggle for [against] smth. - бороться за что-л. [против чего-л.]
to struggle for peace [for liberty] - бороться за мир [за свободу]
to struggle for a position /for a place/ - а) бороться за положение /за место/; б) спорт. бороться за место (в соревнованиях, гонке и т. п.)
2. биться, отбиватьсяto struggle in smb.'s arms - вырываться из чьих-л. рук
3. делать усилия; стараться изо всех силto struggle to one's feet - с трудом подняться /встать/ на ноги
to struggle through the thicket - пробиться через /сквозь/ чащу
to struggle against the stream - плыть или грести против течения
to struggle to succeed - всячески стараться преуспеть, прилагать все усилия, чтобы добиться успеха
she struggled to overcome her prejudice - она всячески старалась /прилагала все усилия, чтобы/ преодолеть своё предубеждение
he struggled to maintain his composure - он изо всех сил старался сохранить самообладание
4. пробиватьсяto struggle out of smth. - вырываться откуда-л.
to struggle through smth. - пробиваться через что-л.
we struggled through - мы пробились (сквозь все препятствия), мы преодолели все препятствия
-
5 душевная борьба
-
6 усилит борьбу
1. intensify struggle2. intensifying struggleРусско-английский военно-политический словарь > усилит борьбу
-
7 luctor
luctor ātus, ārī, dep. [lucta, a wrestling], to wrestle: luctabitur Olympiis Milon: fulvā luctantur harenā, V.: Achivis doctius unctis, H.— To wrestle, struggle, strive, contend: in pestilenti solo, L.: Luctandum in turbā, H.: Inter se adversis cornibus, V.: de nomine temporis huius, O.: telum Eripere, V.: liberiore frui caelo, O.: in lento luctantur marmore tonsae, V.: Tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris, H.: luctantes venti, V. —Fig., to struggle, strive, contend: tecum: cum ardore regionis, Cu.: luctata diu ait, after a (mental) struggle, O.* * *luctari, luctatus sum V DEPwrestle; struggle; fight (against) -
8 душевный
1. soulful2. soulfully3. mental; psychic; psychical; sincere; heartyдушевная доброта, сердечность — kindness of heart
4. emotionalСинонимический ряд:1. добрая (прил.) добрая; добросердечная; задушевная; сердечная2. духовная (прил.) внутренняя; духовная3. чуткая (прил.) внимательная; отзывчивая; участливая; чуткая -
9 ἀγών
ἀγών [ᾰ], ῶνος, ὁ, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἄγωνος, ου, ὁ, Alc.121 (also [name] E.ap.Sch.Il. Oxy.1087.60); Elean dat. pl.A : ([etym.] ἄγω):—gathering, assembly,ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀ. Il.23.258
;λῦτο δ' ἀ. 24.1
, cf. Od.8.200;νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι Il.15.428
, cf. Eust.1335.57: esp. assembly met to see games, freq. in Il.23; Ὑπερβορέων ἀ. Pi P.10.30;κοινοὺς ἀ. θέντες A. Ag. 845
.2 place of contest, lists, course,βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀ. Il.23.685
, cf. 531, Od.8.260, Hes.Sc. 312, Pi.P.9.114, and esp. Th.5.50: prov., ἔξω ἀγῶνος out of the lists or course, i.e. beside the mark, Pi. P.1.44, Luc.Anach.21: pl.,κατ' ἀγῶνας Od.8.259
.II assembly of the Greeks at the national games,ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ ἀ. Hdt.6.127
;ὁ Ὀλυμπικὸς ἀ. Ar.Pl. 583
;Ἑλλάδος πρόσχημ' ἀ. S.El. 682
, cf. 699:— hence, contest for a prize at the games, ἀ. γυμνικός, ἱππικός, μουσικός, Hdt.2.91, Pl.Lg. 658a, Ar.Pl. 1163, cf. Th.3.104;οἱ τῶν λαμπάδων ἀ. Arist.Ath.57.1
; ἀ. τῶν ἀνδρῶν contest in which the chorus was composed of men, opp. to παίδων or ἀγενείων (q.v.), D.21.18, etc.; ἀ. στεφανηφόρος or στεφανίτης contest where the prize is a crown, Hdt.5.102, Arist.Rh. 1357a19; ἀ. χάλκεος, where it is a shield of brass, Pi.N.10.22;ἀ. θεματικός IG14.739
([place name] Naples);ἀργυρίτης δωρίτης Plu.2.820d
:—hence many phrases, ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαι establish a contest, Isoc.4.1;τιθέναι Hdt.5.8
;ποιεῖν Th.3.104
;οὐ λόγων τοὺς ἀ. προθήσοντες Id.3.67
;προηγόρευέ τε ἀγῶνας καὶ ἆθλα προυτίθει X. Cyr.8.2.26
;προκαλούμενος ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀ. Id.Mem.2.3.17
; τοὺς ἀ. νικᾶν ib.3.7.1;ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι Isoc.15.301
; of contests in general,εἰς ἀ. λόγων ἀφικέσθαι τινί Pl.Prt. 335a
; πρὸς τίν' ἀγῶνας τιθέμεσθ' ἀρετῆς; E. Ion 863 (lyr.);ἀ. σοφίας Ar.Ra. 883
.III generally, struggle, πολλοὺς ἀ. ἐξιών, of Hercules, S.Tr. 159;ξιφηφόρος ἀ. A.Ch. 584
;εἰς ἀ. τῷδε συμπεσὼν μάχης S.Tr.20
, etc;ὁ Φίλιππος, πρὸς ὀν ἦν ἡμῖν ὁ ἀ. D.18.67
;ποιέειν ἢ παθεῖν πρόκειται ἀ. Hdt.7.11
; ἀληθείην ἀσκέειν ἀ. μέγιστος ib. 209: pl.,πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων Epicur.Sent.21
;ἄπορος ἀ. Lys.7.2
;ὅπλων ἔκειτ' ἀ. πέρι S.Aj. 936
; and without περί, τῶν Ἀχιλλείων ὅπλων ἀ. ib. 1240; ψυχῆς ἀ. τὸν προκείμενον πέρι struggle for life and death, E.Or. 847, cf. Ph. 1330;πολλοὺς ἀ. δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν Hdt.8.102
;λόγων γὰρ οὐ.. ἁγών, ἀλλὰ σῆς ψυχῆς πέρι S.El. 1492
, cf.infr.5.2 battle, action, Th.2.89, etc.3 action at law, trial, Antipho 6.21, etc., cf. A.Eu. 677, 744; , R. 494e;περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς εἰς ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαί τινα X.Lac.8.4
.4 speech delivered in court or before an assembly or ruler,πρεσβευτικοὶ ἀ. Plb.9.32.4
;τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους εἰρηκότος ἀ. τούς τε δικανικοὺς καὶ τοὺς δημηγορικούς D.H.Amm.1.3
, cf. OGI567 (Attalia, ii A.D.);ἀ. ἐσχηματισμένοι D.H. Rh.8.1
, al.b Rhet., main argument of a speech (opp.προοίμιον, ἐπίλογος), in pl., Syr.in Hermog.2.111, 170R., cf. Proll. Hermog.ap. Rh.4.12 W.5 metaph., οὐ λόγων ἔθ' ἁγών now is not the time for words, E.Ph. 588; οὐχ ἕδρας ἀ. 'tis no time for sitting still, Id.Or. 1291; ἀ. πρόφασιν οὐ δέχεται the crisis admits no dallying, Ar.Fr. 331, cf. Pl.Cra. 421d, Lg. 751d; μέγας ὁ ἀ... τὸ χρηστὸν ἢ κακὸν γενέσθαι the issue is great.., Id.R. 608b, cf. E.Med. 235; οὐ περί τινος ὁ ἀ. the question is not about.., Th.3.44.6 mental struggle, anxiety, Th.7.71, Plb.4.56.4, Ep.Col.2.1: in pl.,τρόμοι καὶ ἀ. Plu. Sol.7
.b of speakers, vehemence, power, Longin.15.1, cf. 26.3.IV personified, Ἀγών, divinity of the contest, Paus.5.26.3. -
10 душевная борьба
General subject: mental struggle, spiritual struggle -
11 душевен
spiritual, mental, of the soul/mindдушевно състояние a state of mind; mentationдушевна мъка torment, mental sufferingsдушевна борба inner struggle; mental conflictдушевно спокойствие peace of mindдушевно равновесие mental balanceдушевна сила fortitudeдушевно величие greatness of soulдушевно сътресение an emotional shockдушевна болест a mental disease/affectionдушевно болен mentally ill, същ. a mental case/patient, lunatic, insaneболница за душевно болни a lunatic asylumдушевни явления psychic phenomena* * *душѐвен,прил., -на, -но, -ни spiritual, mental, of the soul/mind; \душевенна болест mental disease/affection; \душевенна борба inner struggle; mental conflict; \душевенна мъка torment, mental sufferings; \душевенна сила fortitude; \душевенни явления psychic phenomena; \душевенно болен mentally ill, mental case/patient, lunatic, insane; \душевенно величие greatness of soul; \душевенно равновесие mental balance; \душевенно разстройство mental disorder; \душевенно спокойствие peace of mind; \душевенно състояние state of mind; mentation; \душевенно сътресение emotional shock; заведение за \душевенно болни lunatic asylum.* * *internal: душевен balance - душевно спокойствие; psychic* * *1. spiritual, mental, of the soul/mind 2. болница за душевно болни а lunatic asylum 3. душевна болест a mental disease/affection 4. душевна борба inner struggle;mental conflict 5. душевна мъка torment, mental sufferings 6. душевна сила fortitude 7. душевни явления psychic phenomena 8. душевно болен mentally ill, същ. a mental case/patient, lunatic, insane 9. душевно величие greatness of soul 10. душевно равновесие mental balance 11. душевно спокойствие peace of mind 12. душевно състояние a state of mind;mentation 13. душевно сътресение an emotional shock -
12 esfuerzo
m.1 effort.hacer esfuerzos, hacer un esfuerzo to make an effort, to try hardestoy haciendo esfuerzos por no llorar I'm trying hard not to cryhaz un último esfuerzo, ya verás como ahora lo consigues make one last attempt, you'll do it this time!sin esfuerzo effortlessly2 strain.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: esforzar.* * *1 effort, endeavour (US endeavor)2 (valor) courage, spirit\sin esfuerzo effortlessly* * *noun m.* * *SM1) [de fuerza física, intelectual] effortsin esfuerzo — effortlessly, without strain
no hizo el más mínimo esfuerzo por agradar — he made absolutely no effort at all to be nice, he didn't make the slightest effort to be nice
2) (=vigor) spirit, vigour, vigor (EEUU)3) (Mec) stress* * *masculino efforthizo el esfuerzo de ser amable — he made an effort o tried to be friendly
* * *= endeavour [endeavor, -USA], labour [labor, -USA], leg work, struggle, effort, toil, elbow grease.Ex. Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.Ex. An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.Ex. DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.Ex. The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.Ex. For example, with such a system a change of the heading AEROPLANES -- ASSISTED TAKE-OFF in figure 7 would without further effort be reflected in the six associated cross-reference records.Ex. Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.Ex. The window frames appeared to have not seen the light of day for over 50 years and were totally caked in dirt -- although with some elbow grease the window came up a treat.----* ahorro de esfuerzo = savings in energy, savings in effort.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aunar esfuerzos = join + forces, coordinate + efforts, join + hands, pool + efforts, pull together.* compartir esfuerzos = share + efforts.* concentrar el esfuerzo = concentrate + effort, direct + effort, direct + energy, concentrate + Posesivo + energy.* concentrar el esfuerzo en = divert + effort into.* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* conseguir con esfuerzo = mine.* consumir esfuerzo = take up + energy.* coordinar esfuerzos = coordinate + efforts.* dedicación de esfuerzo = expenditure of effort.* dedicar el tiempo y el esfuerzo = take + the time and effort.* dedicar esfuerzo = expend + effort, spend + effort, devote + energy, give + effort.* dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.* duplicidad de esfuerzos = duplication of effort.* empezar a sudar por el esfuerzo = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* en + Posesivo + esfuerzo de = in + Posesivo + quest for/to.* entrar hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* entrar sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* en un esfuerzo por = in an effort to.* esfuerzo cognitivo = cognitive overhead.* esfuerzo común = concerted effort.* esfuerzo conjunto = team effort.* esfuerzo de equipo = team effort.* esfuerzo denodado = strenuous effort.* esfuerzo físico = physical effort.* esfuerzo físico humano = human power.* esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.* esfuerzo + hacer sudar = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* esfuerzo heroico = all out effort.* esfuerzo humano = human energy.* esfuerzo intelectual = cognitive overhead, intellectual effort.* esfuerzo inútil = wasted energy.* esfuerzo mental = cognitive overhead, mental effort.* esfuerzo sobrehumano = Herculean effort, Herculanian effort.* exigir esfuerzo = take + effort.* frustrar el esfuerzo = frustrate + effort.* ganar a Alguien sin apenas hacer ningún esfuerzo = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.* hacer Algo con mucho esfuerzo = plod (along/through).* hacer el esfuerzo necesario = pull + Posesivo + (own) weight.* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer un esfuerzo = make + effort.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* invertir esfuerzo intelectual en = invest + Posesivo + thoughts in.* justificar el esfuerzo = justify + the effort.* llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.* merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.* necesitar esfuerzo = take + effort.* no concentrar el esfuerzo = spread + Nombre + thinly.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* propulsado con el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered.* realizar esfuerzo = exert + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo = put forth + effort, make + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo común = make + a concerted effort.* redirigir el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* redirigir un esfuerzo = divert + impetus.* redoblar esfuerzos = redouble + efforts.* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.* reorientar el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* sin esfuerzo = effortless, effortlessly.* sin esfuerzo alguno = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo mental = thought-free.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.* unir esfuerzos = join + hands.* vehículo propulsado por el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered vehicle.* * *masculino efforthizo el esfuerzo de ser amable — he made an effort o tried to be friendly
* * *= endeavour [endeavor, -USA], labour [labor, -USA], leg work, struggle, effort, toil, elbow grease.Ex: Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.
Ex: An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.Ex: The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.Ex: For example, with such a system a change of the heading AEROPLANES -- ASSISTED TAKE-OFF in figure 7 would without further effort be reflected in the six associated cross-reference records.Ex: Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.Ex: The window frames appeared to have not seen the light of day for over 50 years and were totally caked in dirt -- although with some elbow grease the window came up a treat.* ahorro de esfuerzo = savings in energy, savings in effort.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aunar esfuerzos = join + forces, coordinate + efforts, join + hands, pool + efforts, pull together.* compartir esfuerzos = share + efforts.* concentrar el esfuerzo = concentrate + effort, direct + effort, direct + energy, concentrate + Posesivo + energy.* concentrar el esfuerzo en = divert + effort into.* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* conseguir con esfuerzo = mine.* consumir esfuerzo = take up + energy.* coordinar esfuerzos = coordinate + efforts.* dedicación de esfuerzo = expenditure of effort.* dedicar el tiempo y el esfuerzo = take + the time and effort.* dedicar esfuerzo = expend + effort, spend + effort, devote + energy, give + effort.* dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.* duplicidad de esfuerzos = duplication of effort.* empezar a sudar por el esfuerzo = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* en + Posesivo + esfuerzo de = in + Posesivo + quest for/to.* entrar hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* entrar sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* en un esfuerzo por = in an effort to.* esfuerzo cognitivo = cognitive overhead.* esfuerzo común = concerted effort.* esfuerzo conjunto = team effort.* esfuerzo de equipo = team effort.* esfuerzo denodado = strenuous effort.* esfuerzo físico = physical effort.* esfuerzo físico humano = human power.* esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.* esfuerzo + hacer sudar = work up + a sweat, work up + a lather.* esfuerzo heroico = all out effort.* esfuerzo humano = human energy.* esfuerzo intelectual = cognitive overhead, intellectual effort.* esfuerzo inútil = wasted energy.* esfuerzo mental = cognitive overhead, mental effort.* esfuerzo sobrehumano = Herculean effort, Herculanian effort.* exigir esfuerzo = take + effort.* frustrar el esfuerzo = frustrate + effort.* ganar a Alguien sin apenas hacer ningún esfuerzo = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.* hacer Algo con mucho esfuerzo = plod (along/through).* hacer el esfuerzo necesario = pull + Posesivo + (own) weight.* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.* hacer un esfuerzo = make + effort.* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.* invertir esfuerzo intelectual en = invest + Posesivo + thoughts in.* justificar el esfuerzo = justify + the effort.* llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.* merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.* necesitar esfuerzo = take + effort.* no concentrar el esfuerzo = spread + Nombre + thinly.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* propulsado con el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered.* realizar esfuerzo = exert + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo = put forth + effort, make + effort.* realizar un esfuerzo común = make + a concerted effort.* redirigir el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* redirigir un esfuerzo = divert + impetus.* redoblar esfuerzos = redouble + efforts.* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.* reorientar el esfuerzo = refocus + effort.* sin esfuerzo = effortless, effortlessly.* sin esfuerzo alguno = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo = effortlessly.* sin ningún esfuerzo mental = thought-free.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.* unir esfuerzos = join + hands.* vehículo propulsado por el esfuerzo físico humano = human-powered vehicle.* * *1 (de una persona) effortpor lo menos hizo el esfuerzo de ser amable at least he made an effort o tried to be friendlyhay que hacer un esfuerzo de imaginación you have to use your imaginationme costó muchos esfuerzos convencerlo it took a lot of effort to persuade him, I had a lot of trouble persuading himconseguía todo lo que quería sin esfuerzo she got everything she wanted quite effortlessly o without any effort2 ( Fís) effort* * *
Del verbo esforzar: ( conjugate esforzar)
esfuerzo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
esforzar
esfuerzo
esforzar ( conjugate esforzar) verbo transitivo ‹voz/vista› to strain
esforzarse verbo pronominal:
tienes que esfuerzote más you'll have to work harder;
esfuerzose por o en hacer algo to strive to do sth
esfuerzo sustantivo masculino
effort;
hizo el esfuerzo de ser amable he made an effort o tried to be friendly
esforzar vtr (la vista, un músculo) to strain
esfuerzo sustantivo masculino effort
hacer un esfuerzo, to make an effort
♦ Locuciones: sin esfuerzo, effortlessly
' esfuerzo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
conquista
- considerable
- cuajar
- desesperada
- desesperado
- difícil
- economía
- emplear
- entregarse
- facilidad
- gratificar
- hacer
- inversión
- invertir
- lucir
- lucha
- mérito
- molestarse
- molestia
- mucha
- mucho
- obra
- paliza
- para
- penosa
- penoso
- premiar
- premio
- producto
- renovar
- rentable
- rota
- roto
- sprint
- sudor
- titánica
- titánico
- trabajo
- tute
- baldío
- común
- conjunto
- consagrar
- costar
- demasiado
- desplegar
- empeño
- estéril
- hazaña
- intenso
English:
all-out
- challenging
- concerted
- conscious
- effort
- effortless
- endeavor
- endeavour
- exert
- exertion
- extraordinary
- hard-won
- heave
- incessant
- last-ditch
- level
- obstinate
- out
- puff
- push
- shatter
- spurt
- strain
- strenuous
- successful
- sustain
- swing
- trouble
- try
- unsuccessful
- vain
- waste
- work
- worth
* * *esfuerzo nm[físico, intelectual] effort;no hagas ningún esfuerzo, que el médico ha recomendado reposo don't exert yourself, the doctor has recommended rest;hacer esfuerzos, hacer un esfuerzo to make an effort, to try hard;estoy haciendo esfuerzos por no llorar I'm trying hard not to cry;hizo un esfuerzo por agradar he made an effort to be pleasant;haz un último esfuerzo, ya verás como ahora lo consigues make one last attempt, you'll do it this time!;sin esfuerzo effortlessly* * *m effort;hacer un esfuerzo make an effort;sin esfuerzo effortlessly* * *esfuerzo nm1) : effort2) ánimo, vigor: spirit, vigor3)sin esfuerzo : effortlessly* * *esfuerzo n effort -
13 power
1) ((an) ability: A witch has magic power; A cat has the power of seeing in the dark; He no longer has the power to walk.) poder; facultad, capacidad, habilidad2) (strength, force or energy: muscle power; water-power; (also adjective) a power tool (=a tool operated by electricity etc. not by hand).) energía, fuerza3) (authority or control: political groups fighting for power; How much power does the Queen have?; I have him in my power at last) poder4) (a right belonging to eg a person in authority: The police have the power of arrest.) poder; autoridad5) (a person with great authority or influence: He is quite a power in the town.) persona poderosa/influyente, pez gordo6) (a strong and influential country: the Western powers.) potencia7) (the result obtained by multiplying a number by itself a given number of times: 2 × 2 × 2 or 23 is the third power of 2, or 2 to the power of 3.) potencia•- powered- powerful
- powerfully
- powerfulness
- powerless
- powerlessness
- power cut
- failure
- power-driven
- power point
- power station
- be in power
power n1. poder2. energía / potencia / fuerza3. fuerza / electricidadtr['paʊəSMALLr/SMALL]3 (faculty) facultad nombre femenino4 (control, influence, authority) poder nombre masculino; (of country) poderío, poder nombre masculino5 (nation) potencia; (person, group) fuerza8 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL potencia1 propulsar, impulsar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be in power estar en el poderto come to power llegar al poderto do somebody a power of good hacer a alguien mucho biento have somebody in one's power tener a alguien en su poderto rise to power subir al poderto seize/take power tomar el poder, hacerse con el poderpower base zona de influenciapower drill taladradora mecánicapower failure corte nombre masculino del suministro eléctricopower point enchufe nombre masculino, toma de corrientepower saw sierra mecánica, motosierrapower station central nombre femenino eléctricapower steering dirección nombre femenino asistidapower struggle lucha por el podersolar power energía solarthe powers that be las autoridades nombre femenino pluralpower ['paʊər] vt: impulsar, propulsarpower n1) authority: poder m, autoridad fexecutive powers: poderes ejecutivos2) ability: capacidad f, poder m3) : potencia f (política)foreign powers: potencias extranjeras4) strength: fuerza f5) : potencia f (en física y matemáticas)n.• autoridad s.f.• dominación s.f.• efecto s.m.• eminencia s.f.• empuje s.m.• energía (Electricidad) s.f.• facultad s.m.• fuero s.m.• fuerza s.f.• mando s.m.• poder s.m.• poderío s.m.• potencia (Física) s.f.• potestad s.f.v.• accionar v.• impulsar v.'paʊər, 'paʊə(r)
I
1)a) u (control, influence) poder m; ( of country) poderío m, poder mpower OVER somebody/something — poder sobre alguien/algo
to be in power — estar* en or ocupar el poder
balance of power — equilibrio m de fuerzas
to seize power — tomar el poder, hacerse* con el poder
to come to power — llegar* or subir al poder; (before n)
power sharing — compartimiento m del poder
power struggle — lucha f por el poder
b) u c ( official authority) poder mpower to + INF — poder para + inf
power of veto — derecho m de veto
2) ca) ( nation) potencia fb) (person, group)the powers that be — los que mandan, los que detentan el poder
3) ua) (physical strength, force) fuerza fmore power to your elbow — (colloq) bien hecho!
b) (of engine, loudspeaker, transmitter, telescope) potencia fprocessing power — capacidad f de procesamiento
c) (of tradition, love) poder m, fuerza f; ( of argument) fuerza f, lo poderoso or convincente4)a) u (ability, capacity)I did everything in my power — hice todo lo que estaba en mi(s) mano(s), hice todo lo que me era posible
b) ( specific faculty) (often pl)power(s) of concentration — capacidad f or poder m de concentración
mental powers — inteligencia f, facultades fpl mentales
he was at the height of his power(s) — estaba en su mejor momento or en la plenitud de sus facultades
5) ua) (Eng, Phys) potencia f; ( particular source of energy) energía fsolar power — energía solar; (before n)
power brakes — servofrenos mpl
power steering — dirección f asistida
b) ( electricity) electricidad f; (before n)power cable — cable m de energía eléctrica
power lines — cables mpl de alta tensión
power point — (BrE) toma f de corriente, enchufe m, tomacorriente(s) m (AmS)
power tool — herramienta f eléctrica
6) u ( Math) potencia f10 to the power of 4/of 3 — 10 (elevado) a la cuarta potencia/al cubo
7) ( a lot)to do somebody a power of good — hacerle* a alguien mucho bien
II
1.
steam-powered — a or de vapor
2.
vi ( move rapidly) (colloq) (+ adv compl)[paʊǝ(r)]1. N•
to have power over sb — tener poder sobre algn•
to have sb in one's power — tener a algn en su poder•
to have the power of life and death over sb — tener poder para decidir sobre la vida de algn2) (Pol) poder m, poderío m•
to be in power — estar en el poder•
to come to power — subir al poder•
to fall from power — perder el poder•
power to the people! — ¡el pueblo al poder!3) (Mil) (=capability) potencia f, poderío m•
a nation's air/ sea power — la potencia aérea/naval de un país, el poderío aéreo/naval de un país4) (=authority) poder m, autoridad fshe has the power to act — tiene poder or autoridad para actuar
•
it was seen as an abuse of his power — se percibió como un abuso de poder por su parte•
to exceed one's powers — excederse en el ejercicio de sus atribuciones or facultades•
he has full powers to negotiate a solution — goza de plenos poderes para negociar una solución•
that does not fall within my power(s) — eso no es de mi competencia5) (=ability, capacity)•
it is beyond his power to save her — no está dentro de sus posibilidades salvarla, no puede hacer nada para salvarla•
to be at the height of one's powers — estar en plenitud de facultadespurchasing 2.•
to do all or everything in one's power to help sb — hacer todo lo posible por ayudar a algn6) (=mental faculty) facultad f7) (=nation) potencia f•
the Great Powers — las grandes potencias•
one of the great naval powers — una de las grandes potencias navales•
the leaders of the major world powers — los líderes de las principales potencias mundiales8) (=person in authority)•
the powers that be — las autoridades, los que mandan9) (=forcefulness) [of argument] fuerza fthe power of love/thought — el poder del amor/del intelecto
a painting of great power — un cuadro de gran impacto, un cuadro que causa honda impresión
10) [of engine, machine] potencia f, fuerza f ; [of telescope] aumento m ; (=output) rendimiento m•
microwave on full power for one minute — póngalo con el microondas a plena potencia durante un minuto•
the ship returned to port under her own power — el buque volvió al puerto impulsado por sus propios motores11) (=source of energy) energía f ; (=electric power) electricidad f•
they cut off the power — cortaron la corriente12) (Math) potencia f7 to the power (of) 3 — 7 elevado a la 3 a potencia, 7 elevado al cubo
13) * (=a lot of)the new training methods have done their game a power of good — el nuevo método de entrenamiento ha supuesto una notable mejoría en su juego
2.VTa racing car powered by a 4.2 litre engine — un coche de carreras impulsado por un motor de 4,2 litros
- poweredthe electric lighting is powered by a generator — un generador se encarga de alimentar el alumbrado eléctrico
3.CPDpower base N — base f de poder
power breakfast N — desayuno m de negocios
power broker N — (Pol) poder m en la sombra
power cable N — cable m de energía eléctrica
power cut N — (Brit) corte m de luz or de corriente, apagón m
power dressing N — moda f de ejecutivo
power drill N — taladro m eléctrico, taladradora f eléctrica
power failure N — fallo m del suministro eléctrico
power game N — (esp Pol) juego m del poder
power line N — línea f de conducción eléctrica, cable m de alta tensión
power list N — lista f de las personas más influyentes
power lunch N — comida f de negocios
power outage (US) N — = power cut
power pack N — transformador m
(US) = power stationpower plant N — (=generator) grupo m electrógeno
power play N — (Sport) demostración f de fuerza (en el juego ofensivo); (from temporary suspension) superioridad f (en el ataque); (fig) (=use of power) maniobra f de poder, demostración f de fuerza; (=power struggle) lucha f por el poder
power point N — (Brit) (Elec) enchufe m, toma f de corriente
power politics N — política fsing de fuerza
power saw N — motosierra f, sierra f mecánica
power shovel N — excavadora f
power shower N — ducha f de hidromasaje
power station N — central f eléctrica, usina f eléctrica (S. Cone)
power steering N — (Aut) dirección f asistida
power structure N — estructura f del poder
power struggle N — lucha f por el poder
power supply N — suministro m eléctrico
power surge N — (Elec) subida f de tensión
power tool N — herramienta f eléctrica
power trio N — (Mus) trío m eléctrico
power unit N — grupo m electrógeno
power vacuum N — vacío m de poder
power walking N — marcha f
power workers NPL — trabajadores mpl del sector energético
- power up* * *['paʊər, 'paʊə(r)]
I
1)a) u (control, influence) poder m; ( of country) poderío m, poder mpower OVER somebody/something — poder sobre alguien/algo
to be in power — estar* en or ocupar el poder
balance of power — equilibrio m de fuerzas
to seize power — tomar el poder, hacerse* con el poder
to come to power — llegar* or subir al poder; (before n)
power sharing — compartimiento m del poder
power struggle — lucha f por el poder
b) u c ( official authority) poder mpower to + INF — poder para + inf
power of veto — derecho m de veto
2) ca) ( nation) potencia fb) (person, group)the powers that be — los que mandan, los que detentan el poder
3) ua) (physical strength, force) fuerza fmore power to your elbow — (colloq) bien hecho!
b) (of engine, loudspeaker, transmitter, telescope) potencia fprocessing power — capacidad f de procesamiento
c) (of tradition, love) poder m, fuerza f; ( of argument) fuerza f, lo poderoso or convincente4)a) u (ability, capacity)I did everything in my power — hice todo lo que estaba en mi(s) mano(s), hice todo lo que me era posible
b) ( specific faculty) (often pl)power(s) of concentration — capacidad f or poder m de concentración
mental powers — inteligencia f, facultades fpl mentales
he was at the height of his power(s) — estaba en su mejor momento or en la plenitud de sus facultades
5) ua) (Eng, Phys) potencia f; ( particular source of energy) energía fsolar power — energía solar; (before n)
power brakes — servofrenos mpl
power steering — dirección f asistida
b) ( electricity) electricidad f; (before n)power cable — cable m de energía eléctrica
power lines — cables mpl de alta tensión
power point — (BrE) toma f de corriente, enchufe m, tomacorriente(s) m (AmS)
power tool — herramienta f eléctrica
6) u ( Math) potencia f10 to the power of 4/of 3 — 10 (elevado) a la cuarta potencia/al cubo
7) ( a lot)to do somebody a power of good — hacerle* a alguien mucho bien
II
1.
steam-powered — a or de vapor
2.
vi ( move rapidly) (colloq) (+ adv compl) -
14 вътрешен
1. inside, inner, interior, internalвътрешен джоб an inside/interior pocketвътрешен кръг an inner circleвътрешен номер (на телефон) an extention numberвътрешен орган an internal organвътрешни органи visceraвътрешен ред regulations, rulesвътрешен човек insider, one of us, one of our peopleвътрешен ъгъл мат, an interior angleвътрешна витрина a show-caseвътрешна врата an inner doorжлези с вътрешна секреция endocrines, ductless glands(c) вътрешна секреция анат. endocrineвътрешна страна inner side; insideвътрешната страна на сандък the inside of a boxвътрешна уредба interior decoration, furnishingsвътрешно горене тех. internal combustionмотори с вътрешно горене internal combustion enginesвътрешно море an inland/a landlocked seaвътрешни болести internal diseasesза вътрешна употреба (за лекарство) for internal use2. прен. inner, inward(присъщ) inherent, intrinsicвътрешен глас inner conscienceвътрешен живот inner life; inwardnessвътрешен конфликт an inner conflictвътрешен монолог an interior monologueвътрешен прелом a change of heartвътрешен смисъл an inherent/intrinsic meaningвътрешна борба an inner/internal/inward struggleвътрешна дисциплина mental disciplineвътрешна промяна an inward changeвътрешна свобода liberty of mindвътрешна сила strength of mind/characterвътрешно спокойствие peace of mindвътрешно съдържание inner content/natureвътрешно чувство an inward feelingвътрешни противоречия inner contradictionsвътрешни резерви inner reserves3. (в пределите на страната) home (attr.), domestic, internalвътрешен заем a domestic loanвътрешен пазар a home marketвътрешна политика/търговия home policy/tradeвътрешни новини home newsвътрешни работи internal/home/domestic affairsвътрешни раздори internal discord/strifeна вътрешния фронт on the domestic frontвътрешни сили internal resources* * *въ̀трешен,прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. inside, inner, interior, internal; (в рамките на организация) in-house; \вътрешенен двор inner court(yard); \вътрешенен джоб inside/interior pocket; \вътрешенен кръг inner circle; \вътрешенен номер (на телефон) extension number; \вътрешенен орган internal organ; \вътрешенен ред regulations, rules; \вътрешенен човек insider, one of us, one of our people; \вътрешенен ъгъл мат. an interior angle; \вътрешенна витрина a show case; \вътрешенна страна inner side; inside; \вътрешенна уредба interior decoration, furnishings; \вътрешенни болести мед. internal diseases; \вътрешенни органи анат. viscera; \вътрешенно горене техн. internal combustion; \вътрешенно море геогр. inland/land-locked sea; жлези с \вътрешенна секреция анат. endocrines, ductless glands; за \вътрешенна употреба (на лекарство) for internal use; (с) \вътрешенна секреция анат. endocrine;2. прен. inner, inward; ( присъщ) inherent, intrinsic; \вътрешенен глас inner conscience; \вътрешенен живот inner life; inwardness; \вътрешенен монолог interior monologue; \вътрешенен прелом change of heart; \вътрешенен смисъл inherent/intrinsic meaning; \вътрешенна свобода liberty of mind; \вътрешенна сила strength of mind/character; \вътрешенни резерви inner reserves; \вътрешенно спокойствие peace of mind; \вътрешенно съдържание inner content/nature; \вътрешенно чувство inward feeling;3. (в пределите на страната) home (attr.), domestic, internal; \вътрешенен заем domestic loan; \вътрешенен пазар home market; \вътрешенна политика/търговия home policy/trade; \вътрешенни новини home news; \вътрешенни раздори internal discord/strife; \вътрешенни сили internal resources; на \вътрешенния фронт on the domestic front; • като същ.: \вътрешенен ( човек) insider.* * *mediterranean (за море); indoor; inland (за страна); inner; inside: an вътрешен pocket - вътрешен джоб; interior; internal; inward{in`wO:d}; mental* * *1. (c) вътрешна секреция анат. endocrine 2. (в пределите на страната) home (attr.), domestic, internal 3. (присъщ) inherent, intrinsic 4. inside, inner, interior, internal 5. ВЪТРЕШЕН глас inner conscience 6. ВЪТРЕШЕН двор an inner court(yard) 7. ВЪТРЕШЕН джоб an inside/interior pocket 8. ВЪТРЕШЕН живот inner life;inwardness 9. ВЪТРЕШЕН заем a domestic loan 10. ВЪТРЕШЕН конфликт an inner conflict 11. ВЪТРЕШЕН кръг an inner circle: ВЪТРЕШЕН номер (на телефон) an extention number 12. ВЪТРЕШЕН монолог an interior monologue 13. ВЪТРЕШЕН орган an internal organ 14. ВЪТРЕШЕН пазар a home market 15. ВЪТРЕШЕН прелом a change of heart 16. ВЪТРЕШЕН смисъл an inherent/intrinsic meaning 17. ВЪТРЕШЕН човек insider, one of us, one of our people 18. ВЪТРЕШЕН ъгъл мат, an interior angle 19. вътрешна борба an inner/internal/inward struggle 20. вътрешна витрина a show-case 21. вътрешна врата аn inner door 22. вътрешна дисциплина mental discipline 23. вътрешна политика/ търговия home policy/trade 24. вътрешна промяна an inward change 25. вътрешна свобода liberty of mind 26. вътрешна сила strength of mind/character 27. вътрешна страна inner side;inside 28. вътрешна уредба interior decoration, furnishings 29. вътрешната страна на сандък the inside of a box 30. вътрешни болести internal diseases 31. вътрешни новини home news 32. вътрешни органи viscera: ВЪТРЕШЕН ред regulations, rules 33. вътрешни противоречия inner contradictions 34. вътрешни работи internal/home/ domestic affairs 35. вътрешни раздори internal discord/strife 36. вътрешни резерви inner reserves 37. вътрешни сили internal resources 38. вътрешно горене тех. internal combustion 39. вътрешно море an inland/a landlocked sea 40. вътрешно спокойствие peace of mind 41. вътрешно съдържание inner content/nature 42. вътрешно чувство an inward feeling 43. жлези с вътрешна секреция endocrines, ductless glands 44. за вътрешна употреба (за лекарство) for internal use 45. мотори с вътрешно горене internal combustion engines 46. на вътрешния фронт on the domestic front 47. прен. inner, inward -
15 Logic
My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)To sum up briefly, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)[L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
-
16 борьба
жен.
1) struggle, fight борьба с кем-л. ≈ fight/struggle against smb. борьба на два фронта ≈ fight on two fronts борьба с пожарами ≈ fire-fighting борьба с вредителями ≈ pest control, combating agricultural pests борьба за существование ≈ struggle for existence душевная борьба ≈ mental strife
2) спорт wrestling классическая борьба вольная борьба японская борьбаж.
1. struggle;
~ за свободу и независимость struggle for freedom and independence;
~ за мир fight/struggle for peace;
~ с эпидемическими заболеваниями control of epidemics;
~ нового со старым struggle of the new against the old;
~ противоположностей conflict of opposities;
2. спорт. wrestling;
классическая ~ Graeco-Roman (wrestling) ;
вольная ~ catch-as-catch-can, free style( wrestling). -
17 борьба
ж.1. struggle, fightборьба с кем-л. — fight / struggle against smb.
борьба с пожарами — fire-fighting; ( профилактические мероприятия) fire-prevention
борьба с вредителями сельского хозяйства — pest control, combating agricultural pests
борьба не на живот, а на смерть — a life and death struggle
борьба противоположностей филос. — struggle / conflict of opposites
2. спорт. wrestling -
18 afanarse por
v.1 to struggle for, to strive for, to take pains in, to peg away at.Leo se afana por el éxito Leo struggles for success.2 to struggle to, to work eagerly to, to work hard to.Ricardo se afana por conseguir dinero Richard struggles to get money.* * *to strive to, do one's best to* * *(v.) = take + (great) pains toEx. Manic-depressives who are aware of their mental illness usually take great pains not to let the cat out of the bag, fearing it will damage their career and poison relationships.* * *(v.) = take + (great) pains toEx: Manic-depressives who are aware of their mental illness usually take great pains not to let the cat out of the bag, fearing it will damage their career and poison relationships.
-
19 battle
'bætl
1. noun(a fight between opposing armies or individuals: the last battle of the war.) batalla
2. verb(to fight.) luchar, batirse, combatir- battleship
battle1 n1. batalla2. luchabattle2 vb luchar / peleartr['bætəl]1 batalla, combate nombre masculino2 figurative use lucha■ the battle for the party leadership has begun la lucha por el liderazgo del partido ya ha empezado1 pelearse, batirse\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin battle dress en uniforme de campañathat's half the battle figurative use ya hay medio camino andadoto battle against something figurative use luchar contra algoto battle for something/somebody luchar por algo/alguiento battle one's way through abrirse camino a empujonesto battle over something disputar algo a golpesto do battle for luchar porto do battle with librar batalla conto fight a battle lucharto fight a losing battle figurative use luchar por una causa perdidabattle of wits duelo de ingenioa battle of wills una lucha de voluntadesbattle cry grito de guerrabattle n: batalla f, lucha f, pelea fn.• acción (Militar) s.f.• batalla s.f.• pelea s.f.• pugna s.f.v.• batallar v.• luchar v.'bætḷ
I
count & mass noun1) ( Mil) batalla fto do battle — luchar; (before n)
battle cry — grito m de guerra
2) ( struggle) lucha f
II
1.
intransitive verb ( struggle) luchar
2.
vt ( oppose) (AmE) combatirPhrasal Verbs:['bætl]1. N1) (Mil) batalla fto do battle — librar batalla ( with con)
to join battle — frm trabar batalla
2) (fig) lucha f ( for control of por el control de) ( to control por controlar)the battle lines are drawn — (fig) todo está listo para la batalla
- fight a losing battle- win the battle but lose the war2. VI1) (Mil)3.VT (esp US) luchar contra, librar batalla contra4.CPDbattle array N —
in battle array — en formación or en orden de batalla
battle bus N — (Brit) (in election campaign) autobús m de campaña
battle cruiser N — crucero m de batalla
battle cry N — (Mil) grito m de combate; (fig) lema m, consigna f
battle dress N — traje m de campaña
battle fatigue N — trastorno mental postraumático provocado por el combate militar
battle fleet N — flota f de guerra
battle order N — = battle array
battle royal N — batalla f campal
battle zone N — zona f de batalla
* * *['bætḷ]
I
count & mass noun1) ( Mil) batalla fto do battle — luchar; (before n)
battle cry — grito m de guerra
2) ( struggle) lucha f
II
1.
intransitive verb ( struggle) luchar
2.
vt ( oppose) (AmE) combatirPhrasal Verbs: -
20 fatica
f (pl -che) ( sforzo) effort( stanchezza) fatiguea fatica with a great deal of effortfaccio fatica a crederci I find it hard to believe* * *fatica s.f.1 ( sforzo) effort, exertion, strain: fatica fisica, mentale, mental, physical exertion; sopportare la fatica, to take (o stand) the strain; fa fatica a parlare, it's an effort for him to talk // che fatica!, what an effort!; è fatica sprecata, it is a wasted effort2 ( stanchezza) weariness, fatigue, exhaustion: organismo resistente alla fatica, tough constitution; cascare dalla fatica, to drop with fatigue (o to be exhausted) // morto di fatica, dog-tired (o dead beat)3 ( lavoro faticoso) labour; toil, fatigue, hard work: mi è costata una fatica enorme finire entro la scadenza, it was really hard work meeting the deadline; le fatiche della guerra, the toils (o hardships) of war // alleviare la fatica a qlcu., to lighten s.o.'s work (o load) // vive col frutto delle sue fatiche, he lives by the fruit of his labours // le fatiche di Ercole, the labours of Hercules // abito da fatica, working clothes; (mil.) uniforme da fatica, fatigue dress // cavallo da fatica, work horse // uomo di fatica, man who does the heavy work4 ( difficoltà) difficulty; trouble: a fatica, with difficulty; feci molta fatica a capirlo, I had a lot of difficulty in understanding him (o I could hardly understand him) // avanzare a fatica, to toil (o struggle) along // parlare, respirare a fatica, to talk, to breathe with difficulty* * *1) (sforzo) effort, exertionsenza (fare) fatica — with ease, effortlessly, without effort
che fatica! — what an effort o a struggle!
è (tutta) fatica sprecata — it's a waste of effort o time, it's wasted effort o time
2) (lavoro faticoso) toil, hard work3) (fastidio)risparmiarsi la fatica di fare qcs. — to save oneself the trouble of doing sth
4) (stanchezza) tiredness, exhaustionessere morto di o crollare dalla fatica — to be fit to drop, to be dead tired
5) (opera)6) tecn. fatigue7) a fatica (con difficoltà) with difficulty; (a malapena) [sentire, vedere] hardly••* * *faticapl. - che /fa'tika, ke/sostantivo f.1 (sforzo) effort, exertion; senza (fare) fatica with ease, effortlessly, without effort; che fatica! what an effort o a struggle! fare fatica (a fare) to have difficulty (in doing); è (tutta) fatica sprecata it's a waste of effort o time, it's wasted effort o time; è una fatica fargli fare i compiti it's hard to make him do his homework; il coronamento delle proprie -che the consummation of one's efforts2 (lavoro faticoso) toil, hard work; la fatica non mi spaventa I'm not afraid of hard work; uomo di fatica drudge3 (fastidio) risparmiarsi la fatica di fare qcs. to save oneself the trouble of doing sth.4 (stanchezza) tiredness, exhaustion; essere morto di o crollare dalla fatica to be fit to drop, to be dead tired5 (opera) l'ultima fatica di uno scrittore the last work of a writer6 tecn. fatigue7 a fatica (con difficoltà) with difficulty; (a malapena) [sentire, vedere] hardly; respirare a fatica to labour to breatheuna fatica di Ercole a labour of Hercules.
См. также в других словарях:
Mental disorder — Classification and external resources Eight women representing prominent mental diagnoses in the 19th century. (Armand Gautier) ICD 10 F … Wikipedia
Mental Floss for the Globe — Studio album by Urban Dance Squad Released 1989 Recorded May July 1989 at I.C.P. STUDIOS, Brussels Genre … Wikipedia
struggle — strug|gle1 [ strʌgl ] verb intransitive ** 1. ) to try hard to do something that you find very difficult: He struggled a little at first, but he reads well now. struggle for: Andy was coughing and struggling for breath. struggle with: They ve had … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
struggle */*/ — I UK [ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l] / US verb [intransitive] Word forms struggle : present tense I/you/we/they struggle he/she/it struggles present participle struggling past tense struggled past participle struggled 1) to try hard to do something that you find… … English dictionary
struggle*/ — [ˈstrʌg(ə)l] verb [I] I 1) to try hard to do something that is very difficult She was struggling to cope with her work.[/ex] a documentary about this species and its struggle for survival[/ex] 2) to try very hard to defeat someone or stop them… … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
struggle — To suffer from mental deficiency. (Etymology: Emailed to Kevin and Bean, morning DJs on KROQ, from a listener.) Shut up, Dylan, you struggle … Dictionary of american slang
struggle — To suffer from mental deficiency. (Etymology: Emailed to Kevin and Bean, morning DJs on KROQ, from a listener.) Shut up, Dylan, you struggle … Dictionary of american slang
Community mental health service — Psychology … Wikipedia
Clock Tower II: The Struggle Within — Desarrolladora(s) Human Entertainment Distribuidora(s) Agetec, Inc. Plataforma(s) Playstation Fecha(s) de lanza … Wikipedia Español
Cherokee Mental Health Institute — Coordinates: 42°45′25″N 95°34′23″W / 42.757°N 95.573°W / 42.757; 95.573 The Cherokee Mental Health Institute is a stat … Wikipedia
conflict — confliction, n. conflictive, conflictory /keuhn flik teuh ree/, adj. v. /keuhn flikt /; n. /kon flikt/, v.i. 1. to come into collision or disagreement; be contradictory, at variance, or in opposition; clash: The account of one eyewitness… … Universalium
